1945 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Computer Graphic Timeline 1945-2000

This definitive accumulation of knowledge from 1945 to 21th century, traces
the milestones & pioneers which shaped the visual landscape of all aspects relevant to computer graphic imagery viewed from today's perspective.


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Hy Hirsh's films often arises not so much from their technical originality as from their canny coupling of imagery with music that perfectly matches its mood.
1951 Hy Hirsh creates his first abstract film "Divertissement Rococo" uses oscilloscope imagery

Hy Hirsh had been a professional cinematographer at Columbia in Hollywood during the 1930s. He provided crucial assistance to Harry Hay, Roger Barlow and LeRoy Robbins as they made their 1937 experimental film, Even as You and I. Hirsh also worked as a still photographer, and eventually moved to San Francisco to be the official photographer for the DeYoung Museum.

In 1951, while still in San Francisco and using a hand-made optical printer, Hirsh completed his first film, Divertissement Rococo. The presence of the experimentally-oriented Art in Cinema series at the San Francisco Museum of Art-it was already presenting films by Broughton and Smith-may have motivated Hirsh. His second film, Come Closer, in 1952, was shown at Art in Cinema and Eneri in 1953.

Hirsh was a technophile, and he acquired new inventions such as the magnetic tape recorder (which became available shortly after WWII), which he would use to create his soundtracks. He built an optical printer to do his own special effects, matting and color printing processes. Hirsh also made pioneering use of oscilloscope patterns (images filmed from a cathode-ray tube) as a source of non-objective abstract figures which were then colored and multiplied through the use of the optical printer. These oscilloscope pattern movements may well be the earliest (though experiments by Norman McLaren and Mary Ellen Bute were developing at about the same time) as well as the most inventive in its variations, such as, in Eneri, the spectacular rolling lissajous in front of vertical ribbing, the fragmentation into texture for larger figures, as well as the sub-screens-all of which scrupulously corresponds to the complexities of African drumming rhythms.

In the visual music films of Hirsh his exquisite taste shows up most strongly: in the parallel between the impossible three-dimensional occlusions of ribbons in Come Closer (1952) with wild Caribbean carnival music.

The brilliance of Hy Hirsh's films often arises not so much from their technical originality as from their canny coupling of imagery with music that perfectly matches its mood. Hirsh's homemade optical printer and oil wipe instrument were copied from John Whitney's originals, but the intricacy of what Hirsh did with them in films like Eneri (1953) and Chasse des Touches (1959) (with their duplicated, layered abstract imagery sometimes printed into several simultaneous smaller "screens" that contrast in push-pull colors) far exceeds Whitney's use of these same tools. Hirsh knew McLaren and Lye before he scratched and painted directly on film, but his Scratch Pad (1960) has a witty jazz expressionist personality different from his predecessors.
Eneri, dazzling display of oscilloscope forms.

Hirsh moved to Paris where he spent the last years of his life. When he died in Paris in 1961. Hirsh left an indelible legacy in San Francisco through his generosity to young artists. He taught film-making fundamentals and loaned equipment to a number of young artists who wanted to become film-makers, including James Broughton, Sidney Peterson, Jordan Belson and Harry Smith.

 

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